References: 2025 State Fact Sheets

State Fact Sheets

1. This figure includes beneficiaries of CCDF, Head Start Preschool, Early Head Start, Migrant and Seasonal Head Start, MIECHV, state-funded pre-K, and IDEA Parts B Sec. 619 and C. In some cases, children and families are served by more than one program.
   • CCDF: Administration for Children and Families (ACF), “FY 2022 Preliminary Data Table 1 – Average Monthly Adjusted Number of Families and Children Served”; Administration for Children and Families (ACF), “FY 2022 Preliminary Data Table 9 – Average Monthly Percentages of Children in Care by Age Group”
   • Head Start Preschool, Early Head Start, Migrant and Seasonal Head Start: Office of Head Start, Performance Indicator Report, Program Year 2024. 
   • MIECHV: Health Resources & Services Administration, FY 2024 MIECHV Program Size and Reach Data.
   • State Pre-K: National Institute for Early Education Research NIEER (2025), “The State of Preschool 2024.”
   • IDEA Part C: U.S. Department of Education, IDEA Section 618 Data Products: Static Tables Part C Child Count and Settings Table 4 (2023-2024)
   • IDEA Part B, Sec. 619: U.S. Department of Education, IDEA Section 618 Data Products: Static Tables Part B Child Count & Educational Environments Table 2 (2022-2023)
     
2. U.S. Census Bureau, 2023: ACS 5-Year Estimates, Table B09001.
   
3. Linda K. Smith, Anubhav Bagley, and Benjamin Wolters, “Child Care in 35 States: What we know and don’t know,” Bipartisan Policy Center (2021).
   
4. Sandra Bishop, Ph.D., “$122 Billion: The Growing, Annual Cost of the Infant-Toddler Child Care Crisis,” ReadyNation, Council for a Strong America (2023).
   
5. U.S. Census Bureau, 2023: ACS 5-Year Estimates, Table B09001.
   
6. U.S. Census Bureau, 2023: ACS 5-Year Estimates, Table B23008.
   
7. Child Care Aware of America, “Child Care in America: 2024 Price & Supply” (2025).
   
8. Child Care Aware of America, “Child Care in America: 2024 Price & Supply” (2025).
   • NOTE: Arkansas and Mississippi are comparing 2022 and 2023 supply based on most recent available data
     
9. Sandra Bishop, Ph.D., “$122 Billion: The Growing, Annual Cost of the Infant-Toddler Child Care Crisis,” ReadyNation, Council for a Strong America (2023).
   
10. Child Care Aware of America, “Child Care in America: 2024 Price & Supply” (2025).
    • Note: New Mexico’s data is Child Care Aware of America’s report, “Child Care at a Standstill: Price and Landscape Analysis” (2024)
      
11. Child Care Aware of America, “Child Care in America: 2024 Price & Supply” (2025).
    • Note: New Mexico and Louisiana data are Child Care Aware of America’s report, “Child Care at a Standstill: Price and Landscape Analysis” (2024)
      
12. Child Care Aware of America, “Child Care in America: 2024 Price & Supply” (2025).
    • Note: New Mexico’s data is Child Care Aware of America’s report, “Child Care at a Standstill: Price and Landscape Analysis” (2024)
      
13. Child Care Aware of America, “Child Care in America: 2024 Price & Supply” (2025).
    • Note: New Mexico’s data is Child Care Aware of America’s report, “Child Care at a Standstill: Price and Landscape Analysis” (2024)
      
14. Administration for Children and Families (ACF), State plans FY 2025-2027 State/Territory CCDF Plans; Administration for Children and Families (ACF), CCDF Family Income Eligibility  Levels by State, January 2025;  U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates Public Use Microdata Sample, 2023
    • NOTE: This estimate is based on federal eligibility guidelines, 85% SMI for a family of three.
      
15. Administration for Children and Families (ACF), FY 2022 Preliminary Data Table 9 – Average Monthly Percentages of Children In Care By Age Group; Administration for Children and Families (ACF), FY 2022 Preliminary Data Table 1 – Average Monthly Adjusted Number of Families and Children Served 
    • NOTE: Alaska’s calculation is based on FY2021 data because it was the most recent year available
      
16. Administration for Children and Families (ACF): State plans FY 2025-2027 State/Territory CCDF Plans; CCDF Family Income Eligibility  Levels by State, January 2025; FY 2022 Preliminary Data Table 9 – Average Monthly Percentages of Children In Care By Age Group; FY 2022 Preliminary Data Table 1 – Average Monthly Adjusted Number of Families and Children Served; U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates Public Use Microdata Sample, 2023
    • NOTE: Alaska’s calculation is based on FY2021 data because it was the most recent year available
      
17. U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2023 Table B17001 Poverty Status in the Past 12 Months by Sex by Age
    • Note on Methodology: Head start eligibility is estimated using the best available data. The Census 2023 ACS 5-year estimate is the most recent and accurate population estimate for children under 6 in poverty. Table B17001 disaggregates the data by age 0 to age 5, age 5, and age 6+. FFYF added the number of children in poverty ages 0 through age 5, and then divided by 6, evenly pro-rating this population of children into single-year age categories. Head Start eligibility is calculated as children ages 3 through 5 living in families with incomes below the federal poverty level.
      
18.  Office of Head Start, Performance Indicator Report, Program Year 2024.
    
19. Office of Head Start, Performance Indicator Report, Program Year 2024; U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2023 Table B17001 Poverty Status in the Past 12 Months by Sex by Age
    
20. U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2023 Table B17001  Poverty Status in the Past 12 Months by Sex by Age
    • Note on Methodology: Head start eligibility is estimated using the best available data. The Census 2023 ACS 5-year estimate is the most recent and accurate population estimate for children under 6 in poverty. Table B17001 disaggregates the data by age 0 to age 5, age 5, and age 6+. FFYF added the number of children in poverty ages 0 through age 5, and then divided by 6, evenly pro-rating this population of children into single-year age categories. Head Start eligibility is calculated as children ages 3 through 5 living in families with incomes below the federal poverty level.
      
21.  Office of Head Start, Performance Indicator Report, Program Year 2024.
     
22. Office of Head Start, Performance Indicator Report, Program Year 2024; U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2023 Table B17001 Poverty Status in the Past 12 Months by Sex by Age
    
23. Allison H. Friedman-Krauss, Ph.D.; W. Steven Barnett, Ph.D.; Katherine S. Hodges, M.A.; Karin A. Garver, M.A.;Jennifer K. Duer, Ph.D;, M.Ed G.G. Weisenfeld,Ed.D.; Jessica Siegel, Ph.D., “The State of Preschool 2024,” National Institute for Early Education Research NIEER (2025).
    
24. Allison H. Friedman-Krauss, Ph.D.; W. Steven Barnett, Ph.D.; Katherine S. Hodges, M.A.; Karin A. Garver, M.A.;Jennifer K. Duer, Ph.D.; M.Ed G.G. Weisenfeld,Ed.D.; Jessica Siegel, Ph.D., “The State of Preschool 2024,” National Institute for Early Education Research NIEER (2025).
    • NOTE: FFYF includes Indiana’s state-funded early education program even though it does not meet NIEER’s definition of a state-funded preschool program because it has a parent work or education requirement for eligibility.
      
25.  Office of Head Start, Performance Indicator Report, Program Year 2024.
    
26. Health Resources & Services Administration (HRSA), FY 2024 MIECHV Program Size and Reach Data.
    
27. IDEA Part C: U.S. Department of Education, IDEA Section 618 Data Products: Static Tables Part C Child Count and Settings Table 4 (2023-2024)
    
28. IDEA Part B, Sec. 619: U.S. Department of Education, IDEA Section 618 Data Products: Static Tables Part B Child Count & Educational Environments Table 2 (2022-2023)
    
29. Administration for Children and Families (ACF), Office of Child Care, “GY2024 CCDF Funding Allocations (Based on Appropriations)”
    
30. Administration for Children and Families (ACF), Head Start.gov, “Head Start Program Facts: Fiscal Year 2023”
    
31. Administration for Children and Families (ACF), Head Start.gov, “Head Start Program Facts: Fiscal Year 2023”

32. First Five Years Fund, Through the Years: Preschool Development Grants Birth Through Five (2025)
    
33.  Health Resources & Services Administration (HRSA), Maternal and Child Health,  “FY24 Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting (MIECHV) Program Awards”
    
34. U.S. Department of Education, “Fiscal Year 2024-FY 2026 President’s Budget State Tables for the U.S. Department of Education”
    
35. U.S. Department of Education, “Fiscal Year 2024-FY 2026 President’s Budget State Tables for the U.S. Department of Education”
    
36. Administration on Children and Families (ACF), TANF Financial Data – FY 2023
    • NOTE: The TANF Early Care and Education funding amount combines federal and state MOE expenditures for Pre-Kindergarten/Head Start and Child Care (Assistance and Non-Assistance).
      
37. Administration on Children and Families (ACF), TANF Financial Data – FY 2023
    
38. Allison H. Friedman-Krauss, Ph.D.; W. Steven Barnett, Ph.D.; Katherine S. Hodges, M.A.; Karin A. Garver, M.A.;Jennifer K. Duer, Ph.D.; M.Ed G.G. Weisenfeld,Ed.D.; Jessica Siegel, Ph.D., “The State of Preschool 2024,” National Institute for Early Education Research NIEER (2025).
    
39.  Administration for Children and Families (ACF), Office of Child Care, “GY2024 CCDF Funding Allocations (Based on Appropriations)”
    
40. First Five Years Fund, “10 States and DC Receive New Round of PDG B-5 Grants” (2024).
    
41. Administration for Children and Families (ACF), Office of Child Care, FY 2022 Preliminary Data Table 7 – Number of Child Care Providers Receiving CCDF Funds
    
    
42. Administration for Children and Families (ACF), CCDF Family Income Eligibility Levels by State (January 2025)
    • NOTE: This calculation is based on a family of three
      
43. Administration for Children and Families (ACF), CCDF Family Income Eligibility Levels by State (January 2025)
    
44. Administration for Children and Families (ACF), CCDF Family Co-payments by State (January 2025)
    
45. Administration for Children and Families (ACF), Office of Child Care, FY 2025-2027 State/Territory CCDF Plans
    
46. First Five Years Fund, Mapping Head Start Across States and Districts (2025)
    
47. Administration for Children and Families (ACF), Head Start Investments by State
    
48. First Five Years Fund, Mapping Head Start Across States and Districts (2025)
    
49. Office of Head Start, Performance Indicator Report, Program Year 2024.
    
50. First Five Years Fund, Mapping PDG B-5 Participation Over Time (2025)
    • NOTE: The total funding amounts are based on the assumption that the three-year Renewal Grants awarded in September 2024 are funded to completion.
      
51. Various sources were reviewed for PDG B-5 examples: Administration for Children and Families (ACF), Office of Early Childhood Development, PDG B-5 State and Territory Map; PDG B-5 Initial Grant Final Reports 2021; State responses to National Institute for Early Education Research (NIEER) (2025)
    
52. First Five Years Fund, Mapping PDG B-5 Participation Over Time (2025)
    
53. First Five Years Fund, TOPLINES: Child Care in the 2025 Tax Reconciliation Package (2025)
    
54.  Internal Revenue Service, SOI tax stats – Historic Table 2, Tax year 2022: Historic Table 2
    

National (U.S. and Washington, D.C.) Fact Sheet

1. This figure includes beneficiaries of CCDF, Head Start Preschool, Early Head Start, Migrant and Seasonal Head Start, MIECHV, state-funded pre-K, and IDEA Parts B Sec. 619 and C. In some cases, children and families are served by more than one program.
   • CCDF: Administration for Children and Families (ACF), “FY 2022 Preliminary Data Table 1 – Average Monthly Adjusted Number of Families and Children Served”; Administration for Children and Families (ACF), “FY 2022 Preliminary Data Table 9 – Average Monthly Percentages of Children in Care by Age Group”
   • Head Start Preschool, Early Head Start, Migrant and Seasonal Head Start: Office of Head Start, Performance Indicator Report, Program Year 2024. 
   • MIECHV: Health Resources & Services Administration, FY 2024 MIECHV Program Size and Reach Data.
   • State Pre-K: National Institute for Early Education Research NIEER (2025), “The State of Preschool 2024.”
   • IDEA Part C: U.S. Department of Education, IDEA Section 618 Data Products: Static Tables Part C Child Count and Settings Table 4 (2023-2024)
   • IDEA Part B, Sec. 619: U.S. Department of Education, IDEA Section 618 Data Products: Static Tables Part B Child Count & Educational Environments Table 2 (2022-2023)
     
2. U.S. Census Bureau, 2023: ACS 5-Year Estimates, Table B09001.
   
3. Linda K. Smith, Anubhav Bagley, and Benjamin Wolters, “Child Care in 35 States: What we know and don’t know,” Bipartisan Policy Center (2021).
   
4. Sandra Bishop, Ph.D., “$122 Billion: The Growing, Annual Cost of the Infant-Toddler Child Care Crisis,” ReadyNation, Council for a Strong America (2023).
   
5. U.S. Census Bureau, 2023: ACS 5-Year Estimates, Table B09001.
   
6. U.S. Census Bureau, 2023: ACS 5-Year Estimates, Table B23008.
   
7. Child Care Aware of America, “Child Care in America: 2024 Price & Supply” (2025).
   
8. Child Care Aware of America, “Child Care in America: 2024 Price & Supply” (2025).
   
9. Child Care Aware of America, “Child Care in America: 2024 Price & Supply” (2025).

10.  Child Care Aware of America, “Child Care in America: 2024 Price & Supply” (2025).
    
11.  Child Care Aware of America, “Child Care in America: 2024 Price & Supply” (2025). 

12.  Child Care Aware of America, “Child Care in America: 2024 Price & Supply” (2025).
    
13. Administration for Children and Families (ACF), State plans FY 2025-2027 State/Territory CCDF Plans; Administration for Children and Families (ACF), CCDF Family Income Eligibility  Levels by State, January 2025;  U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates Public Use Microdata Sample, 2023
    • NOTE: This estimate is based on federal eligibility guidelines, 85% SMI for a family of three.
      
14. Administration for Children and Families (ACF), FY 2022 Preliminary Data Table 9 – Average Monthly Percentages of Children In Care By Age Group; Administration for Children and Families (ACF), FY 2022 Preliminary Data Table 1 – Average Monthly Adjusted Number of Families and Children Served
    
15. Administration for Children and Families (ACF): State plans FY 2025-2027 State/Territory CCDF Plans; CCDF Family Income Eligibility  Levels by State, January 2025; FY 2022 Preliminary Data Table 9 – Average Monthly Percentages of Children In Care By Age Group; FY 2022 Preliminary Data Table 1 – Average Monthly Adjusted Number of Families and Children Served; U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates Public Use Microdata Sample, 2023
    
16. U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2023 Table B17001 Poverty Status in the Past 12 Months by Sex by Age
    • Note on Methodology: Head start eligibility is estimated using the best available data. The Census 2023 ACS 5-year estimate is the most recent and accurate population estimate for children under 6 in poverty. Table B17001 disaggregates the data by age 0 to age 5, age 5, and age 6+. FFYF added the number of children in poverty ages 0 through age 5, and then divided by 6, evenly pro-rating this population of children into single-year age categories. Head Start eligibility is calculated as children ages 3 through 5 living in families with incomes below the federal poverty level.
      
17.  Office of Head Start, Performance Indicator Report, Program Year 2024.
    
18. Office of Head Start, Performance Indicator Report, Program Year 2024; U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2023 Table B17001 Poverty Status in the Past 12 Months by Sex by Age
    
19. U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2023 Table B17001  Poverty Status in the Past 12 Months by Sex by Age
    • Note on Methodology: Head start eligibility is estimated using the best available data. The Census 2023 ACS 5-year estimate is the most recent and accurate population estimate for children under 6 in poverty. Table B17001 disaggregates the data by age 0 to age 5, age 5, and age 6+. FFYF added the number of children in poverty ages 0 through age 5, and then divided by 6, evenly pro-rating this population of children into single-year age categories. Head Start eligibility is calculated as children ages 3 through 5 living in families with incomes below the federal poverty level.
      
20.  Office of Head Start, Performance Indicator Report, Program Year 2024.
     
21. Office of Head Start, Performance Indicator Report, Program Year 2024; U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2023 Table B17001 Poverty Status in the Past 12 Months by Sex by Age
    
22. Allison H. Friedman-Krauss, Ph.D.; W. Steven Barnett, Ph.D.; Katherine S. Hodges, M.A.; Karin A. Garver, M.A.;Jennifer K. Duer, Ph.D;, M.Ed G.G. Weisenfeld,Ed.D.; Jessica Siegel, Ph.D., “The State of Preschool 2024,” National Institute for Early Education Research NIEER (2025).
    
23. Allison H. Friedman-Krauss, Ph.D.; W. Steven Barnett, Ph.D.; Katherine S. Hodges, M.A.; Karin A. Garver, M.A.;Jennifer K. Duer, Ph.D.; M.Ed G.G. Weisenfeld,Ed.D.; Jessica Siegel, Ph.D., “The State of Preschool 2024,” National Institute for Early Education Research NIEER (2025).
    • NOTE: FFYF includes Indiana’s state-funded early education program even though it does not meet NIEER’s definition of a state-funded preschool program because it has a parent work or education requirement for eligibility.
      
24.  Office of Head Start, Performance Indicator Report, Program Year 2024.
    
25. Health Resources & Services Administration (HRSA), FY 2024 MIECHV Program Size and Reach Data.
    
26. IDEA Part C: U.S. Department of Education, IDEA Section 618 Data Products: Static Tables Part C Child Count and Settings Table 4 (2023-2024)
    
27. IDEA Part B, Sec. 619: U.S. Department of Education, IDEA Section 618 Data Products: Static Tables Part B Child Count & Educational Environments Table 2 (2022-2023)
    
28. Administration for Children and Families (ACF), Office of Child Care, “GY2024 CCDF Funding Allocations (Based on Appropriations)”
    
29. Administration for Children and Families (ACF), Head Start.gov, “Head Start Program Facts: Fiscal Year 2023”
    
30. Administration for Children and Families (ACF), Head Start.gov, “Head Start Program Facts: Fiscal Year 2023”

31. First Five Years Fund, Through the Years: Preschool Development Grants Birth Through Five (2025)
    
32.  Health Resources & Services Administration (HRSA), Maternal and Child Health,  “FY24 Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting (MIECHV) Program Awards”
    
33. U.S. Department of Education, “Fiscal Year 2024-FY 2026 President’s Budget State Tables for the U.S. Department of Education”
    
34. U.S. Department of Education, “Fiscal Year 2024-FY 2026 President’s Budget State Tables for the U.S. Department of Education”
    
35. Administration on Children and Families (ACF), TANF Financial Data – FY 2023
    • NOTE: The TANF Early Care and Education funding amount combines federal and state MOE expenditures for Pre-Kindergarten/Head Start and Child Care (Assistance and Non-Assistance).
      
36. Administration on Children and Families (ACF), TANF Financial Data – FY 2023
    
37. Allison H. Friedman-Krauss, Ph.D.; W. Steven Barnett, Ph.D.; Katherine S. Hodges, M.A.; Karin A. Garver, M.A.;Jennifer K. Duer, Ph.D.; M.Ed G.G. Weisenfeld,Ed.D.; Jessica Siegel, Ph.D., “The State of Preschool 2024,” National Institute for Early Education Research NIEER (2025).
    
38.  Administration for Children and Families (ACF), Office of Child Care, “GY2024 CCDF Funding Allocations (Based on Appropriations)”
    
39. First Five Years Fund, “10 States and DC Receive New Round of PDG B-5 Grants” (2024).
    
40. Administration for Children and Families (ACF), Office of Child Care, FY 2022 Preliminary Data Table 7 – Number of Child Care Providers Receiving CCDF Funds
    
    
41. Administration for Children and Families (ACF), CCDF Family Income Eligibility Levels by State (January 2025)
    • NOTE: This calculation is based on a family of three
      
42. Administration for Children and Families (ACF), CCDF Family Income Eligibility Levels by State (January 2025)
    
43. Administration for Children and Families (ACF), CCDF Family Co-payments by State (January 2025)
    
44. Administration for Children and Families (ACF), Office of Child Care, FY 2025-2027 State/Territory CCDF Plans
    
45. First Five Years Fund, Mapping Head Start Across States and Districts (2025)
    
46. Administration for Children and Families (ACF), Head Start Investments by State
    
47. First Five Years Fund, Mapping Head Start Across States and Districts (2025)
    
48. Office of Head Start, Performance Indicator Report, Program Year 2024.
    • This number includes children enrolled in Migrant and Seasonal Head Start. 

49. First Five Years Fund, “10 States and DC Receive New Round of PDG B-5 Grants” (2024).
    
50. First Five Years Fund, Mapping PDG B-5 Participation Over Time (2025)
    
51. First Five Years Fund, TOPLINES: Child Care in the 2025 Tax Reconciliation Package (2025)
    
52. Internal Revenue Service, SOI tax stats – Historic Table 2, Tax year 2022: Historic Table 2